Zinc fertilizers play a crucial role in addressing soil deficiencies, boosting crop yields, and enhancing food security across Africa. Simon Norton, Director of the International Zinc Association (Africa), discusses the process of manufacturing zinc fertilizers, their application in the soil, and the broad range of crops that benefit from their use.
“Zinc is an essential micronutrient that significantly impacts crop growth and development,” says Norton. “In Africa, where nutrient-poor soils are a widespread issue, zinc fertilizers are an invaluable tool for increasing agricultural productivity and sustaining our food systems.”
The production of zinc fertilizers starts with raw materials such as zinc sulfate, zinc oxide, and chelated zinc compounds, which are sourced from mined zinc ores or recycled industrial by-products. The manufacturing process blends zinc with other essential nutrients, then granulates the mixture into uniform pellets before drying and packaging the final product.
“Zinc fertilizers are specifically designed to maximize their effectiveness and ease of use,” explains Norton. “The granules are crafted for even distribution and optimal absorption, ensuring plants receive the nutrients they need to thrive.” Surfactants are used to help the zinc ions reach the appropriate areas of the soil, boosting crop growth.
Several application methods exist for zinc fertilizers, each suited to specific farming requirements. Broadcast application works well for large fields, offering uniform distribution but requiring careful management to prevent nutrient loss. Band application involves placing the fertilizer near plant roots to enhance availability while reducing the quantity needed. Quick foliar sprays can address visible zinc deficiencies in crops, while seed coating ensures immediate access to zinc for seedlings. Fertigation, the delivery of nutrients through irrigation systems, allows for precise nutrient control.
“Each method has its advantages,” says Norton. “The choice depends on the crop, soil conditions, and the farmer’s specific objectives.” Zinc fertilizers are particularly effective for enhancing the growth and yield of various crops:
- Cereals: Wheat, rice, and maize benefit from zinc’s role in grain filling and root development.
- Legumes: Beans and lentils experience better nitrogen fixation and seed quality.
- Vegetables and Fruits: Crops like tomatoes and citrus see improved yield, quality, and disease resistance.
- Oilseeds and Tubers: Crops like soybeans and potatoes enjoy better growth and resilience.
“Zinc is not only about boosting yield but ensuring the nutritional quality of our food,” emphasizes Norton. “This is particularly important in Africa, where zinc deficiencies in the soil can directly affect human health.”
Addressing zinc deficiencies in African soils has broader implications beyond agriculture. “Zinc is vital for human nutrition. Ensuring that our crops have adequate zinc levels contributes to healthier communities and helps combat malnutrition and stunted growth,” says Norton.
He also highlights the role of zinc fertilizers in enhancing resilience against climate change. “Zinc-enriched crops are more resistant to stresses such as drought and pests, making zinc a key component of sustainable farming practices,” he concludes.
